Publications

Research on AI, democracy, expertise, rationality, and institutional design

Books, journal articles, chapters, preprints, and public writing by Petr Špecián, with abstracts and open-access full texts where available.

Selected work

Book · 2022

Behavioral Political Economy and Democratic Theory

Examines the friction between modern technology and human rationality within liberal democracies, and advocates a behaviorally grounded theory of democracy for the digital age.

Routledge · 2022

Journal article · 2026 · Open access

Machine Advisors: Integrating Large Language Models Into Democratic Assemblies

Examines the integration of large language models into democratic assemblies: the promise of broader access to expert knowledge, and the risks posed by hallucination, opacity, and private control.

Social Epistemology 40(3), 393–408

Journal article · 2025 · Open access

Universal Basic AI Access: Countering the Digital Divide

A policy proposal for countering emerging digital divides in access to frontier generative AI.

Acta Informatica Pragensia 14(2), 272–281

Working paper · 2026 · Open access

Built for Humans Only? Why AI Adoption in Higher Education Requires a New Deal

Argues that bundling the authentication of student performance with its quantitative evaluation is no longer sustainable under generative AI, and proposes a New Deal Model built on student-owned, machine-readable portfolios.

SSRN working paper · 2026

Working paper · 2026 · Open access

Digital Homunculi and Institutional Design: Breaking Through the Experimentation Bottleneck

Proposes generative agents as a way around the experimentation bottleneck in democracy research, and examines the methodological challenges involved.

arXiv:2409.00826

Book

Špecián, Petr. 2022. Behavioral Political Economy and Democratic Theory: Fortifying Democracy for the Digital Age. Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy. New York: Routledge. DOI · Publisher page · Overview

Journal articles

Špecián, Petr. 2026. “Machine Advisors: Integrating Large Language Models Into Democratic Assemblies.” Social Epistemology 40(3): 393–408. Published online 2024. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr, and Jitka Špeciánová. 2025. “Universal Basic AI Access: Countering the Digital Divide.” Acta Informatica Pragensia 14(2): 272–281. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr, and Lucy Císař Brown. 2025. “Give the machine a chance, human experts ain’t that great…” AI & Society 40(2): 1155–1156. Published online 2024. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2022. “The Myth of the Victim Public: Democracy Contra Disinformation.” Filozofia 77(10): 791–803. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2022. “Shall Justice Prevail? Reforming the Epistemic Basic Structure in a Non-Ideal World.” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 11(8): 75–83. Read

Špecián, Petr. 2022. “Epistemology and the Pandemic: Lessons from an Epistemic Crisis.” Social Epistemology 36(2): 167–179. DOI · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2019. “Phenomenological Perspectives on Economics: Schütz versus Düppe.” Horizon: Studies in Phenomenology 8(2): 613–631. DOI · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2019. “The Precarious Case of the True Preferences.” Society 56(3): 267–272. DOI

Špecián, Petr. 2017. “Ekonomická analýza referenda [An Economic Analysis of a Referendum].” Politická ekonomie 65(4): 460–475. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2016. “Konec se blíží? Kritické připomínky k teorii kolapsů [The End Is Near? Critical Remarks on the Theory of Collapse].” Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 38(4): 425–448. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2015. “Potřebuje ekonomie psychologii? [Does Economics Need Psychology?].” Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 37(3): 279–301. DOI · Full text

Melzochová, Jitka, and Petr Špecián. 2015. “An Estimate of the Basic Income Costs: Case of the Czech Republic.” Procedia Economics and Finance 30: 550–557. DOI · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2014. “Phenomenology and Economics.” Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 7(1): 161–165. DOI · Full text

Špecián, Petr. 2012. “Od Misese k Schutzovi: Otázka apriorismu v ekonomii [From Mises to Schutz: A Question of Apriorism in Economics].” Politická ekonomie 60(3): 395–410. DOI

Špecián, Petr. 2012. “Svět a věda u Ludwiga von Misese [World and Science in Ludwig von Mises].” Filozofia 67(4): 335–346. Read

Chapters

Špeciánová, Jitka, and Petr Špecián. 2024. “Umělá inteligence na trzích práce [Artificial Intelligence in Labor Markets].” In Proč se nebát umělé inteligence?, 229–240. Brno: JOTA.

Špecián, Petr. 2022. “Democracy and Anthropic Risk.” In Green Marble 2022: Studies on the Anthropocene and Ecocriticism, 215–226. Institute for Anthropocene Studies. Volume DOI

Špecián, Petr, and Marek Hudík. 2021. “O expertech a lidech: Spasitelské lhaní v časech pandemie [Of Experts and Men: White Lies in the Time of a Pandemic].” In Dedičstvo koronakrízy: Ako lepšie zvládnuť ďalšiu pandémiu, 53–74. Bratislava: INESS.

Preprints and working papers

Špecián, Petr. 2026. “Built for Humans Only? Why AI Adoption in Higher Education Requires a New Deal.” SSRN working paper. DOI · Full text · Overview

Špecián, Petr. 2026. “Digital Homunculi and Institutional Design: Breaking Through the Experimentation Bottleneck.” arXiv:2409.00826. DOI · Full text · Overview

Public writing

Špecián, Petr. 2023. “A Case for Democracy’s Digital Playground.” The Loop, ECPR. Read

Špecián, Petr. 2022. “Science of Democracy and the Owl of Minerva.” The Loop, ECPR. Read


Citations for reference managers: BibTeX